Oral History Interview with Malvina Herzfeld
Malvina Herzfeld, born in Zurich, Switzerland in 1914, describes living in Tsobut, Danzig from 1924 to 1936; moving to Holland, where she married Martin Sternfeld, a German lawyer, in December 1937; the German invasion of Holland in May 1940; the establishment of Westerbork transit camp for German Jewish refugees; her husband’s arrest by the SS during a roundup of Jewish men in 1941 and deportation a camp in Holland and then to Mauthausen concentration camp; receiving her husband’s death certificate in September 1941; working for the Jewish Council; being arrested and released; being helped and hidden by a non-Jewish Dutch neighbor; agreeing to work with the Dutch underground, led by Walter Suskind; how her group saved Jewish children, who had been taken from their parents during the transports; working as a courier to the Hague and Westerbork and trying to rescue Jewish boys when she was arrested by the SS, put into solitary confinement, and tortured; not talking and being sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where she encountered Hans Totman, a Jewish war criminal who worked for the Germans; her arrival and the selection process; the living and working conditions in Birkenau; working as a secretary for the Oberscharfurer at Budy together with an other Jewish girl; how they narrowly escaped being sent to the crematorium for stealing food; the liquidation of Auschwitz in January 1945 and being sent on a death march to Bergen-Belsen, where she stayed until April 1945 during a typhoid epidemic; being liberated by British troops; the punishment of the guards, the hanging of the camp commanders, and the post-liberation conditions; how the British took survivors to a military camp until displaced persons camps were established; working for the British army as a translator and having a brief reunion with her brother, who served in the British Army; not getting permission to join her brother in England; being sent to Holland and quarantined; staying in Holland until 1947 and her attempts to find out what happened to her family and her husband; locating friends from the underground; how she located the Jewish girl from Budy after the war; and immigrating to the United States in 1947.
Date: | 12/23/1982 |
Interviewer: | Marian Salkin |
Interviewee: | Malvina Herzfeld |
Language: | English |
Subject: | Concentration camp inmates--Selection process. Death march survivors. Death marches. Forced labor. Guerrilla couriers. Hiding places--Netherlands. Holocaust survivors. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Personal narratives. Jewish children--Netherlands. Jewish councils--Netherlands. Jewish women in the Holocaust. Jews--Netherlands. Jews--Persecutions--Netherlands. Typhoid fever. Women concentration camp inmates. World War, 1939-1945--Concentration camps--Liberation. World War, 1939-1945--Conscript labor. World War, 1939-1945--Deportations from Netherlands. World War, 1939-1945--Jews--Rescue--Netherlands. World War, 1939-1945--Underground movements--Netherlands. World War, 1939-1945--Underground movements--Personal narratives. World War, 1939-1945--War work--Netherlands. Women--Personal narratives. |
Location: | Zurich, Switzerland Gdansk, Poland Holland, Netherlands Amsterdam, Netherlands Westerbork concentration camp Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp Bergen-Belsen concentration camp USA |
Permalink: | https://hoha.digitalcollections.gratzcollege.edu/item/oral-history-interview-with-malvina-herzfeld/ |
Audio Transcript | Time |
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01:04:28 | |
00:55:22 |