Oral History Interview with Herbert Finder
Herbert Finder, born in Vienna, Austria on April 22, 1929, describes his Polish father, who was an Austrian citizen, and his German mother; antisemitic acts he experienced in school; the Anschluss and his family’s flight to Breda, Belgium; attending a Jewish school in Antwerp, Belgium; receiving American visas in April 1940 but lacking the funds to travel and being trapped by the German invasion; his father being sent to a camp near Toulouse, France; fleeing with his mother and uncle to Southern France; living with a Jewish farmer, who took in many refugees, for two years; his father joining them after his release; living on a farm in Duvernay; his mother returning to Antwerp to salvage their visas and her deportation in September 1942; learning that she had been killed; remaining on the farm with his father until they were arrested as foreigners in August 1942 by French police; being sent to a camp in Viviers then to Drancy; being shipped east on the 28th convoy to work at Oberschlesien osten, near Katowice, Poland on September 4, 1942; remaining with his father at the labor camp of Tarnoviche (Tarnosky Gura); how the internal affairs of the camp were run by Polish Jews who reported to the Germans; being sent with other inmates in the spring of 1943 to Sosnowiec; being transferred in November 1943 to Birkenau, where they were tattooed and suffered brutal conditions; seeing the crematoria; being moved to Auschwitz for one night and then to the Warsaw Ghetto to clear rubble until July 1944; the ghetto, where non-Jewish German prisoners were in charge; prisoners trading for food with Poles; a typhus epidemic killing many; working in a burial detail that burned corpses of the victims who were shot in Paviak (Pawiak Prison); how as Russians approached in July 1944 the prisoners began a three-day forced march to Łódź, Poland then went to Dachau in sealed cattle cars without food or water; his father recuperating from an injury while Herbert was sent to Allach, a camp where Jews and non-Jews built an underground factory; his father joining him after three weeks; being put on flat cars in April 1945 and after two days the German guards disappeared and the prisoners were liberated by Americans on April 30th; how in May 1945, he and his father went to Antwerp via Stuttgart and France; their survival strategies and faith in God; going to the United States in December 1946; living in New York City, NY until 1950; and settling in Vineland, NJ.
Date: | 02/19/1987 |
Interviewer: | Nora Levin |
Interviewee: | Herbert Finder |
Language: | English |
Subject: | Antisemitism. Child concentration camp inmates. Concentration camp inmates. Concentration camp tattoos. Crematoriums. Death march survivors. Death marches. Farms--France. Forced labor. Hiding places--France. Holocaust survivors. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Austria--Personal narratives. Jewish ghettos--Poland--Warsaw. Jewish refugees--Belgium. Jewish refugees--France. Jews, Austrian--Belgium. Jews, Austrian--France. Jews--Austria--Vienna. Kapos. Typhus fever. World War, 1939-1945--Concentration camps--France. World War, 1939-1945--Concentration camps--Liberation. Men--Personal narratives. Geographic Name Antwerp (Belgium) Austria--History--Anschluss, 1938. Łódź (Poland) New York (N.Y.) Silesia, Upper (Poland and Czech Republic) Sosnowiec (Województwo Slaskie, Poland) Tarnowskie Góry (Poland) United States--Emigration and immigration. Vienna (Austria) Vineland (N.J.) Viviers (France) Warsaw (Poland) World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Poland. |
Location: | Vienna, Austria Antwerp, Belgium Le Vernet d'Ariège concentration camp Drancy concentration camp Tarnowitz Forced Labor Camp Sosnowiec concentration camp Kattowitz concentration camp Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration camp Warsaw Ghetto Lodz Ghetto Dachau concentration camp USA |
Permalink: | https://hoha.digitalcollections.gratzcollege.edu/item/oral-history-interview-with-herbert-finder/ |
Audio Transcript | Time |
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00:44:59 | |
01:03:15 | |
01:00:57 |